| Title: | Sex-Specific Plasma Proteomic Alterations Underpin Distinct COVID-19 Progression and Post-COVID-19 Condition |
| Journal: | Journal of Proteome Research |
| Published: | 14 Oct 2026 |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.6c00524 |
Publication 21522
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Abstract
Abstract Sex differences in COVID-19 and its sequelae remain poorly understood, which hinders targeted therapies. We performed plasma proteomic analyses of 69 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and 30 healthy controls from a prospective Chinese cohort. The UK Biobank and Mount Sinai Biobank were employed for validation and provided insights into the progression mechanisms. Biological and tissue enrichment analyses characterized sex-specific pathways and tissue-enriched proteins. We identified ANXA11, a molecular tether that physically links RNA granules to lysosomal membranes to enable their long-distance transport and local translation, as a protein associated with male-specific susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Decreased ANXA11 protein levels were linked to higher risk of infection in males, replicated in the UK Biobank. Sex-specific proteomic alterations revealed distinct biological responses, including glycosylation-related pathways in females and cell adhesion, platelet-leukocyte interactions, and inflammatory responses in males. Sex-specific protein changes were also associated with distinct post-COVID-19 symptom profiles. ANXA11 was identified as a novel protein associated with the male-specific susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sex-specific protein changes revealed distinct mechanistic differences between male and female patients in COVID-19 progression and may explain sex differences in post-COVID-19 conditions.</p>
15 Authors
- Qiuhan Lu
- Yi Zhang
- Shiyu Yi
- Yuwen Wu
- Haolong Liu
- Rui Dang
- Sijia Fang
- Rui Zhao
- Xiangjun Du
- Ting Hu
- Chunguo Jiang
- Yuxin Chen
- Feng Jiao
- Zhuoling An
- Guozhi Jiang
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 78619 | Comprehensive investigation into the relationship of genetic and environmental factors with metabolic diseases and cancer |
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