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Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is prevalent health issues that impact the quality of life of many individuals. CMP is defined as persistent or recurrent musculoskeletal pain deriving from musculoskeletal structures such as joint, muscles and bones and last for at least three months(Zhuang et al., 2022). It is commonly found among older adults, with a point prevalence of more than 50% among elderly (Yamada et al., 2022).
Constipation is also commonly occurs among patients with CMP. While it is known that constipation may lead to chronic back pain, evidence also suggests that constipation may affect gut microbiome, which in turn can affect pain perception (Arai et al., 2018; Smith et al., 2008).However, the current understanding on the association between CMP and constipation remains unclear.
In addition, constipation is frequently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). In 2018, CRC was the fourth mostly commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, with approximately 2 million new cases (Rawla et al., 2019). However, for the severity of constipation or bowel movement frequency that could induce CRC, it remains unclear. By understanding the correlation between CMP, constipation and CRC, it could contribute to the development of comprehensive treatment strategies to improve the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of these individuals.