| Title: | Evolution of Human Brain Size-Associated NOTCH2NL Genes Proceeds toward Reduced Protein Levels |
| Journal: | Molecular Biology and Evolution |
| Published: | 24 Apr 2020 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32330268/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa104 |
| URL: | https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1p9835g0 |
| Citations: | 10 (5 in last 2 years) as of 8 Aug 2024 |
Publication 12903
WARNING: the interactive features of this website use CSS3, which your browser does not support. To use the full features of this website, please update your browser.
Abstract
Ever since the availability of genomes from Neanderthals, Denisovans, and ancient humans, the field of evolutionary genomics has been searching for protein-coding variants that may hold clues to how our species evolved over the last ∼600,000 years. In this study, we identify such variants in the human-specific NOTCH2NL gene family, which were recently identified as possible contributors to the evolutionary expansion of the human brain. We find evidence for the existence of unique protein-coding NOTCH2NL variants in Neanderthals and Denisovans which could affect their ability to activate Notch signaling. Furthermore, in the Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes, we find unusual NOTCH2NL configurations, not found in any of the modern human genomes analyzed. Finally, genetic analysis of archaic and modern humans reveals ongoing adaptive evolution of modern human NOTCH2NL genes, identifying three structural variants acting complementary to drive our genome to produce a lower dosage of NOTCH2NL protein. Because copy-number variations of the 1q21.1 locus, encompassing NOTCH2NL genes, are associated with severe neurological disorders, this seemingly contradicting drive toward low levels of NOTCH2NL protein indicates that the optimal dosage of NOTCH2NL may have not yet been settled in the human population.</p>
8 Keywords
- Animals
- Biological Evolution
- Genome, Human
- Genomic Structural Variation
- Humans
- Multigene Family
- Neanderthals
- Receptor, Notch2
5 Authors
- Gerrald A Lodewijk
- Diana P Fernandes
- Iraklis Vretzakis
- Jeanne E Savage
- Frank M J Jacobs
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 16406 | Causes of individual differences in cognitive and mental health |
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health