| Title: | Differences and determinants of vitamin D deficiency among UK biobank participants: A cross-ethnic and socioeconomic study |
| Journal: | Clinical Nutrition |
| Published: | 25 Nov 2020 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33309415/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.019 |
Publication 13704
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: The public health relevance of true vitamin D deficiency is undisputed, although controversy remains regarding optimal vitamin D status. Few contemporary cross-ethnic studies have investigated the prevalence and determinants of very low 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations.</p>
METHODS: We conducted cross-ethnic analyses on the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ≤ 25 nmol/L) using data from 440,581 UK Biobank participants, of which 415,903 identified as White European, 7880 Asian, 7602 Black African, 1383 Chinese, and 6473 of mixed ancestry. Determinants of vitamin D deficiency were examined by logistic regression.</p>
RESULTS: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was highest among participants of Asian ancestry (57.2% in winter/spring and 50.8% in summer/autumn) followed by those of Black African ancestry (38.5% and 30.8%, respectively), mixed (36.5%, 22.5%), Chinese (33.1%, 20.7%) and White European ancestry (17.5%, 5.9%). Participants with higher socioeconomic deprivation were more likely to have 25(OH)D deficiency compared to less deprived participants (P = <1 × 10-300); this pattern was more apparent among those of White European ancestry and in summer (Pinteraction ≤6.4 × 10-5 for both). In fully-adjusted analyses, regular consumption of oily fish was associated with reduced odds of vitamin D deficiency across all ethnicities, while outdoor-time in summer was less effective for Black Africans (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.70, 1.12) than White Europeans (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.38, 0.42).</p>
CONCLUSIONS: Severe vitamin D deficiency remains an issue throughout the UK, particularly in lower socioeconomic areas. In some groups, levels of deficiency are alarmingly high with one-half of Asian and one-third of Black African ancestry populations affected across seasons.</p>
KEY MESSAGES: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the UK is alarming, with certain ethnic and socioeconomic groups considered particularly vulnerable.</p>
11 Keywords
- Databases, Factual
- Diet
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nutritional Status
- Prevalence
- Socioeconomic Factors
- United Kingdom
- Vitamin D Deficiency
4 Authors
- Joshua P Sutherland
- Ang Zhou
- Matthew J Leach
- Elina Hyppönen
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 20175 | Nutrition, diet and health: examining causal associations and gene-environment interactions |
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