| Title: | Allostatic load and progression of cardio-renal multimorbidity: A UK biobank study |
| Journal: | PLOS ONE |
| Published: | 5 Jan 2026 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41490086/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0339576 |
Publication 16884
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardio-renal multimorbidity (CRM), the coexistence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), imposes a significant healthcare burden. Allostatic load (AL), indicating cumulative physiological dysregulation from chronic stress, may be a modifiable risk factor for CRM.</p>
METHODS: This study included 396,927 participants with a median follow-up of 13.67 years. AL was assessed via 10 biomarkers. Multistate models were used to analyze transitions from health to first cardio-renal disease (FCRD), to CRM, and to death.</p>
RESULTS: Higher AL was significantly associated with increased risks of progression from health to FCRD, to CRM, and to death. The transition from FCRD to CRM was most affected by high AL. AL also had a stronger association with the transition from health to CKD than to CVD. Stratified analyses showed more pronounced associations in younger participants, those with higher socioeconomic status (SES), and unhealthy diets.</p>
CONCLUSION: AL is a significant upstream factor in CRM development and progression. Early identification of individuals with high AL could aid in risk assessment and prevention strategies for CRM.</p>
16 Keywords
- Adult
- Aged
- Allostasis
- Biological Specimen Banks
- Biomarkers
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multimorbidity
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
- Risk Factors
- UK Biobank
- United Kingdom
4 Authors
- Qianshen Zhu
- Lingling Xu
- Zhixing Fan
- Hongbo Li
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 170605 | Association analysis, causal inference, and modeling of genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and clinical determinants in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of age-related diseases |
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