| Title: | History of gestational diabetes, modifiable lifestyle factors, and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank |
| Journal: | American Journal of Preventive Cardiology |
| Published: | 1 Jan 2026 |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.101406 |
Publication 16924
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Abstract
Background Women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) throughout their lifetime. It is still unclear whether adhering to a healthy lifestyle can modify the association of GDM with a higher risk of CVD and mortality. Methods This study included 125,435 parous women from the UK Biobank prospective cohort. The history of GDM was determined by self-reported diagnosis or hospital admission records. A healthy lifestyle score was defined by incorporating self-reported information on five modifiable risk factors, including smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, diet, and sleep duration. The primary outcome was a composite of major CVD and all-cause mortality. Results The mean age was 56.4±7.9 yrs, and 668 participants had a history of GDM. After a median follow-up of 13.6 years, 9,371 had major CVD events, and 6,750 died. The association between GDM history with the composite of major CVD and all-cause mortality was stronger among women with the least healthy lifestyles (HR, 2.35 [95% CI, 1.72-3.22]) compared to those with moderately healthy (1.31 [0.84-2.06]) or the healthiest lifestyles (1.24 [0.75-2.06]; P=0.001 for interaction). The relative excess risk due to interaction between GDM history and the least healthy lifestyles was 0.52 (0.27-0.77; P=0.02). Compared to women with no GDM history and the healthiest lifestyle, those with GDM history and the least healthy lifestyle had a threefold increased risk of the composite outcome (3.00 [2.20-4.10]), while women with GDM history and the healthiest lifestyle did not experience a significantly higher risk (1.19 [0.71-1.97]). Conclusions Women with a history of GDM may experience a lower risk of all-cause mortality and major CVD when adhering to a healthy lifestyle in midlife.</p>
8 Authors
- Sidong Li
- Yuxiao Wu
- Yuxiang Yan
- Yang Du
- Shuhan Chen
- Deirdre K. Tobias
- Cuilin Zhang
- Wei Bao
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 117331 | Independent and combined associations of modifiable risk factors and multi-omics with non-communicable diseases and mortality |
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