| Title: | PHYS-ODE-CAPS: a physiological simulative multi-dimensional framework for prognosis of retinal microvascular damage in diabetic retinopathy (DR) |
| Journal: | International Journal of Information Technology |
| Published: | 27 Dec 2025 |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-025-03037-3 |
Publication 16971
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) where blood sugar levels damage the vessels feeding blood to the tissue behind the retina remains a progressive complication disease. To create the possibility of detection and prevention of this condition, we propose a predictive and preventive multidimensional framework for prognosis of DR by constructing a mechanistic model of patient-specific physiological deficiencies and projecting their long-term retinal consequences. The framework mimics the deficiencies in a person's body (like dysregulated glucose control, vascular fragility, and insulin resistance) as actionable embedded feature vectors via physiological simulation layer. These vectors then become the foundation for continuous-time disease acceleration modeling via Neural ordinary differential equations layer. In the final segment of the framework, Capsule Networks with dynamic routing layer analyses interventions by preserving hierarchical cause-effect relations enabling the system to map therapeutic adjustments into measurable retinal outcomes. Evaluated on UK Biobank, EyePACS, and Messidor public datasets, it reduces missed early cases by 2.4×, achieves 1.26× stronger trajectory alignments, and delivers 1.48× more faithful intervention-response mapping.</p>
2 Authors
- Saumendu Bose
- Vandana Dixit Kaushik
Enabling scientific discoveries that improve human health