| Title: | Socioeconomic status and adverse pregnancy outcome increase the risk of long-term cardiovascular disease: an analysis using the UK Biobank |
| Journal: | Epidemiology and Health |
| Published: | 25 Dec 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41468998/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025075 |
| URL: | https://www.e-epih.org/upload/pdf/epih--.pdf |
Publication 17023
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and low socioeconomic status (SES) are both associated with an increased long-term risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this analysis, we evaluated whether the association between a history of APO and ASCVD risk varies across different SES groups.</p>
METHODS: We conducted this analysis using data from the UK Biobank, a large prospective cohort including participants aged 40 years to 69 years recruited between 2006 and 2010, with ongoing follow-up. APOs included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, low birth weight (<2.5 kg), and stillbirth. At enrollment, SES was assessed using the following indicators: household income, education, employment, and Townsend Deprivation Score. The hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset ASCVD was analyzed according to history of APO and SES categories.</p>
RESULTS: Among 146,064 women, those with a history of APO had a higher risk of new-onset ASCVD and overall lower SES-including lower income, less education, higher unemployment, and greater deprivation-compared with those without APO (p<0.001). The increased ASCVD risk associated with APO history was significant only in the low SES group (adjusted HR, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 1.36), but not in the high SES group (adjusted HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.55, p=not significant).</p>
CONCLUSIONS: We found that women with low SES were more vulnerable to the adverse effects of APO history, resulting in a greater increase in ASCVD risk. This study highlights the need for SES-tailored preventive policies to reduce long-term cardiovascular disease in women with a history of APO.</p>
14 Keywords
- Adult
- Aged
- Biological Specimen Banks
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Outcome
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Social Class
- UK Biobank
- United Kingdom
14 Authors
- Ji Hoi Kim
- Un Yung Choi
- Jeesun Lee
- Manu Shivakumar
- Dokyoon Kim
- Kue Hyun Kang
- So-Hee Kim
- Haibin Bai
- Chan-Wook Park
- Joong Shin Park
- Juwon Lim
- Jeehoon Kang
- Soo Heon Kwak
- Seung Mi Lee
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 68416 | The effect of genetic variants on pregnancy complications and its long term health outcomes |
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