| Title: | Daily coffee drinking and mental health outcomes: Sex differences and the role of caffeine metabolism genotypes |
| Journal: | Journal of Affective Disorders |
| Published: | 19 Dec 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41422976/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.120992 |
Publication 17091
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: The association between coffee intake and risk of mental disorders among population-based studies remained inconsistent. Potential modification effects of sex and caffeine metabolism were less studied.</p>
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between daily coffee consumption, including different coffee subtypes (instant, ground, and decaffeinated coffee), and various mental disorders, and to explore whether the associations differ by sex or caffeine metabolic capacity.</p>
METHODS: We conducted a prospective analysis using the UK Biobank data. Mood disorders and stress disorders were identified using ICD-10 codes from hospital inpatient records. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the associations. We further investigated potential effect modification by sex and polygenic risk score of caffeine metabolism.</p>
RESULTS: Among the 461,586 participants (men 46.4 %, mean age 57 years ±8.10 years, mean BMI 27.3 ± 4.71 kg/m2) involved in this analysis with a median follow-up of 13.4 years, we documented 18,220 incident cases for mood disorders and 18,547 for stress disorders. In the multivariate adjusted models, J-shaped associations between coffee consumption and mental health outcomes were observed, with the lowest risk at moderate intake level (2-3 cups per day). The association between coffee intake and mood disorders was more pronounced in men (P for interaction = 0.02); however, no evidence of effect modification was observed for caffeine metabolism genotypes.</p>
CONCLUSIONS: J-shaped associations were identified between coffee consumption and mental disorders, suggesting that a moderate intake of coffee might be beneficial for mental health.</p>
10 Authors
- Berty Ruping Song
- Xinming Xu
- Junlin Chen
- Yuzhuo Wang
- Yue Chen
- Zhicheng Zhang
- Chuang Han
- Haiyang Dong
- Xiang Gao
- Liang Sun
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 96083 | Associations of diet and metabolic profile with risk of cardiometabolic disease and neurodegenerative disease |
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