| Title: | Prodromal Peripheral Immune Cell Profile in Drug-Induced Parkinsonism Relative to Parkinson's Disease |
| Journal: | Movement Disorders Clinical Practice |
| Published: | 18 Dec 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41410235/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.70476 |
Publication 17107
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Drug-induced Parkinsonism (DIP) is a predictor of future idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the prodromal characteristics of DIP remain unexplored.</p>
OBJECTIVES: To compare prodromal peripheral immune cell profiles in DIP and PD.</p>
METHODS: We applied independent regression models to evaluate the peripheral immune cell profiles in individuals with incident DIP (n = 108) and PD (n = 1055) relative to 20,070 healthy controls from the UK Biobank.</p>
RESULTS: Approximately 9 years before diagnosis, both DIP and PD cases exhibited elevated neutrophil counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Only PD cases showed reduced lymphocyte counts. After adjusting for psychiatric comorbidities, DIP-associated peripheral immune alterations were no longer significant.</p>
CONCLUSIONS: The elevated neutrophil counts in DIP and PD suggest a shared innate immune system involvement. However, in DIP, the peripheral immune changes appear driven by psychiatric comorbidities, whereas lymphopenia may represent a distinctive prodromal biomarker of PD.</p>
6 Authors
- Brandon Lien
- Varun Kasibhatla
- Mariel Mawad
- Jenee Anekwe
- Joseph H. Friedman
- Saud Alhusaini
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 102588 | The association between common genetic variants and brain imaging phenotypes in neurological disorders |
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