| Title: | Metabolic vulnerability index increased risk of all-cause mortality among individuals with stage 4 cardiovascular-renal-metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study in UK biobank |
| Journal: | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders |
| Published: | 10 Aug 2026 |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-026-06225-6 |
Publication 21194
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Abstract
BackgroundThe Metabolic Vulnerability Index (MVX), a novel composite marker of inflammation and malnutrition, has an undetermined prognostic value in stage 4 cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between MVX and the risk of all-cause mortality among patients with stage 4 CKM syndrome.MethodsWe included 20,927 participants with stage 4 CKM syndrome in the UK Biobank. Sex-specific MVX scores were calculated by aggregating six biomarkers (glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), small high-density lipoprotein particles (sHDL), valine, leucine, isoleucine, and citrate). We applied Cox proportional-hazards models to investigate the association between MVX and all-cause mortality and evaluated the performance of MVX in predicting mortality.ResultsDuring a median 13.45 years of follow-up (IQR:12.54-14.32 years), a total of 4,613 participants (22.04%) died. The fully adjusted Cox regression model indicated that a graded association between MVX quartiles and all-cause mortality, with the highest MVX quartile showing the greatest risk (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.49-1.87, P < 0.001). A consistent positive association was observed between MVX score and mortality risk at 5, 10, and 15 years (P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that females and individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) exhibited a higher mortality risk (P for interaction < 0.001). MVX significantly improved the predictive value of all-cause mortality beyond established risk factors (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid accumulation Product (LAP)) (Uno's C-statistic: 0.713, 95% CI: 0.705-0.721, P < 0.001).ConclusionsElevated MVX scores were independently associated with higher all-cause mortality risk in stage 4 CKM syndrome, supporting its potential for risk stratification.</p>
12 Authors
- Yanfang Huang
- Yu Zhao
- Yunpeng Cai
- Chenxi Lu
- Wenyu Guo
- Yu Shi
- Xiaoying Liu
- Ke Peng
- Yichong Li
- Zhuguo Wu
- Guiyuan Han
- Haibing Yu
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 96286 | Linear and Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Analyses of the Causal Association Between Lipid Profiles and Cardiovascular Events |
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