| Title: | Associations of socioeconomic status and healthy lifestyle with incident early-onset and late-onset hypertension: a nationwide prospective cohort study in the UK |
| Journal: | Population Health Metrics |
| Published: | 12 Jun 2025 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40506713/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-025-00392-y |
| URL: | https://pophealthmetrics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12963-025-00392-y |
Publication 14990
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Abstract
IntroductionLow socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy lifestyle are known risk factors for hypertension, but their impact on early-onset hypertension remains unclear.MethodsA nationwide cohort study using UK Biobank data included 128,918 adults. SES was classified as high, medium, or low through latent class analysis of household income, employment, and education. A healthy lifestyle score was based on nonsmoking, moderate alcohol use, physical activity, and diet quality. Early-onset hypertension was defined as diagnosis before age 50; late-onset hypertension was diagnosed at 50 or older.ResultsEarly-onset hypertension incidence was 2.93%, while late-onset was 14.45%. In early-onset hypertension, incidence increased from 2.03% in high SES to 7.35% in low SES (p < 0.001). For late-onset hypertension, incidence ranged from 9.70 to 20.74% (p < 0.001). Medium and low SES were significant risk factors for both forms of hypertension. The mediation effect of a healthy lifestyle on early-onset hypertension was 3.16%, and 0.42% for late-onset. Low SES combined with an unhealthy lifestyle increased early-onset hypertension risk by 356% and late-onset by 105%. The strength of the associations between risk factors for early-onset hypertension was greater than that for late-onset hypertension, particularly for low SES, obesity, and low education level.ConclusionsLow SES is a stronger risk factor for early-onset hypertension than late-onset. A healthy lifestyle provides significant protection, especially in low SES groups. Tailored interventions addressing SES, education, and obesity are essential for preventing both early- and late-onset hypertension.</p>
14 Keywords
- Adult
- Age of Onset
- Aged
- Female
- Healthy Lifestyle
- Humans
- Hypertension
- Incidence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Social Class
- United Kingdom
13 Authors
- Siying Liu
- Tingting Liu
- Di Teng
- Haoyu Wang
- Fei Li
- Cihang Lu
- Jiahui Guo
- Jie Li
- Hanyu Wang
- Zhihong Wang
- Qiqiang Guo
- Jing Zhang
- Yongze Li
1 Application
| Application ID | Title |
|---|---|
| 206612 | Social, Economic, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors in the Early and Late Onset of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases |
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