| Title: | Socioeconomic risk factors and age-related macular degeneration in the UK Biobank study |
| Journal: | BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| Published: | 23 Feb 2021 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33693059/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000585 |
| URL: | https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/bmjophth/6/1/e000585.full.pdf |
Publication 5769
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: There is contrasting evidence on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of visual impairment (VI) in developed countries. This study examines the relationship between SES, cardiovascular risk factors and self-reported AMD.</p>
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Over 500000 people participated in the UK Biobank study from 2006 to 2019, with sociodemographic data and clinical measurements collected using standardised procedures. Visual acuity was measured in 117907 participants with VI defined as LogMAR ≤0.3. We used logistic regression to examine the cross-sectional associations between SES and self-reported AMD.</p>
RESULTS: Self-reported AMD was available for 133339 participants aged 50 and older. People reporting AMD had higher academic qualifications, lower income, were unable to work due to disability, have higher BMI, diabetes and vascular heart disease after adjusting for age and sex. In a multivariable analysis, higher income was protective of AMD and economic inactivity due to disability increased the odds of AMD (2.02, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.61). Both associations were independent of cardiovascular factors, but was no longer significant after adjusting for VI.</p>
CONCLUSIONS: The association between education, employment and household income with AMD was independent of cardiovascular risk factors.</p>
76 Authors
- Jennifer Lai Yee Yip
- Zaynah Muthy
- Tunde Peto
- Andrew Lotery
- Paul J Foster
- Praveen Patel
- Tariq Aslam
- Sarah Barman
- Jenny Barrett
- Paul Bishop
- Peter Blows
- Roxana Carare
- Catey Bunce
- Usha Chakravarthy
- Michelle Chan
- Sharon Chua
- David Crabb
- Philippa Cumberland
- Alexander Day
- Parul Desai
- Bal Dhillon
- Andrew Dick
- Cathy Egan
- Sarah Ennis
- Marcus Fruttiger
- John Gallacher
- David Garway-Heath
- Jane Gibson
- Dan Gore
- Jeremy Guggenheim
- Chris Hammond
- Alison Hardcastle
- Simon Harding
- Ruth Hogg
- Pirro Hysi
- Pearse Keane
- Khaw
- Anthony Khawaja
- Gerassimos Lascaratos
- Phil Luthert
- Tom Macgillivray
- Sarah Mackie
- Keith Martin
- Michelle Mcgaughey
- Bernadette Mcguinness
- Martin Mckibbin
- Danny Mitry
- Tony Moore
- James Morgan
- Zaynah Muthy
- Eoin O'sullivan
- Chris Owen
- Praveen Patel
- Euan Paterson
- Tunde Peto
- Axel Petzold
- Jugnoo Rahi
- Alicja Rudnicka
- Jay Self
- Sobha Sivaprasad
- David Steel
- Irene Stratton
- Nicholas Strouthidis
- Cathie Sudlow
- Caroline Thaung
- Dhanes Thomas
- Emanuele Trucco
- Adnan Tufail
- Veronique Vitart
- Stephen Vernon
- Ananth Viswanathan
- Cathy Williams
- Katie Williams
- Jayne Woodside
- Max Yates
- Yalin Zheng
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