| Title: | Walking pace improves all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk prediction: A UK Biobank prognostic study |
| Journal: | European Journal of Preventive Cardiology |
| Published: | 7 Nov 2019 |
| Pubmed: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31698963/ |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319887281 |
| URL: | https://academic.oup.com/eurjpc/article-pdf/27/10/1036/34256552/eurjpc1036.pdf |
Publication 5998
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Abstract
AIMS: The purpose of this study was to quantify and rank the prognostic relevance of dietary, physical activity and physical function factors in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in comparison with the established risk factors included in the European Society of Cardiology Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE).</p>
METHODS: We examined the predictive discrimination of lifestyle measures using C-index and R2 in sex-stratified analyses adjusted for: model 1, age; model 2, SCORE variables (age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol).</p>
RESULTS: The sample comprised 298,829 adults (median age, 57 years; 53.5% women) from the UK Biobank free from cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years, there were 2174 and 3522 all-cause and 286 and 796 cardiovascular deaths in women and men, respectively. When added to model 1, self-reported walking pace improved C-index in women and men by 0.013 (99% CI: 0.007-0.020) and 0.022 (0.017-0.028) respectively for all-cause mortality; and by 0.023 (0.005-0.042) and 0.034 (0.020-0.048) respectively for cardiovascular mortality. When added to model 2, corresponding values for women and men were: 0.008 (0.003-0.012) and 0.013 (0.009-0.017) for all-cause mortality; and 0.012 (-0.001-0.025) and 0.024 (0.013-0.035) for cardiovascular mortality. Other lifestyle factors did not consistently improve discrimination across models and outcomes. The pattern of results for R2 mirrored those for C-index.</p>
CONCLUSION: A simple self-reported measure of walking pace was the only lifestyle variable found to improve risk prediction for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality when added to established risk factors.</p>
17 Keywords
- Adult
- Aged
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Cause of Death
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Life Style
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Survival Rate
- United Kingdom
- Walking Speed
5 Authors
- Stavroula Argyridou
- Francesco Zaccardi
- Melanie J Davies
- Kamlesh Khunti
- Thomas Yates
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